Newspaper analysis

Comparing the 1912 newspaper to the newspaper article from 1999, there has been a lot of lexical and semantic change. "thereon" , this an archaic conjunctions which is not used very often in the English language today. Also, the word "gantries" has been narrowed meaning road signs today and then it meant any big boulder, this shows how words can come in and out of language in a short time period. In the 1999 text, there is a lot of monosyllabic words used, especially the conjunctions such as; " and" and "but". This reflects the target audience as it is for working class people and they need to make the language accessible for them to read it easier. Also, it could be argued that it is a cheaper newspaper, therefore they have to limit the words and language used.

There is a lot of grammatical differences in the two texts, the 1912 text uses more compound sentences, for example; "the real thing, after that is relatively abstract preparation, was the concrete battle with resistant matter" compared to the 1999 text which uses simple sentences "that is clearly not true." this links with the audience as the target audience of the 1912 text is middle class Englishmen compared to the second text which uses more accessible language to match the target audience which is the working class. The 1999 newspaper constantly uses the collective pronoun "we" this creates a relationship between the reader and the newspaper, making it more personal and  a friendly register. 

In the 1999 the discourse structure reflects the context in which it was written. It is in the layout of a typical modern tabloid with capitalisation and bold headings. This is to catch the audiences' attention to the newspaper, this reflects the idea that the purpose of the newspaper is to inform but also to make sales and make money. Compared to the 1912 article which was mainly written for the purpose to inform.